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Text types

 1. BLOG



A blog is like a public diary, written from a personal point of view, but also written to share the writer's thoughts, feelings and beliefs with others.
A blog often offers advice or help, especially if it is a " how to"  blog.

Resultado de imagen de blogs images

TIPS

 1. Make your opinion known. People want to know what people think. Using 1st person is fine.( Arguments, suggestions, real-life supporting examples)


 2. Have a snappy headline. Contain your whole argument in your headline. Check out National newspapers to see how they do it. 


3. You can include bullet point lists We all love lists, it structures the information in an easily digestible format


4. You must have an interesting readable style. Blogs are known for their casual writing and unpredictable subject material, but the best blogs have proven that even "novice" writers can be entertaining enough to attract a broad audience. Bloggers with an especially engaging subject, such as chronicling a trip around the world, have the advantage of inherently interesting material, but even mundane material can attract an audience if you have an engaging style and voice.


 5. A blog is a conversation. Try to write the way you speak. It may be helpful to speak your entry out loud before trying to type it or to read it aloud after you've written it. If you find yourself struggling as you read aloud or speaking unnaturally, think about what you might have said if you were talking to a friend rather than writing. 


Resultado de imagen de blogs images6. Always consider your audience. 



LANGUAGE


* Adopt a semi-formal to informal register

* An eye-catching title

* Use first person narration & will show awareness of the reader, e.g. through direct address to the reader

* Past tenses, time connectors, imaginative language (if type 1)


STRUCTURE

                       Type 1: narrative –driven blog

Focus: events

Organization: chronological account of events

OPENING:

Beginning of event/s

MAIN PARAGRAPHS:

Description, explanation, thoughts or reflections

ENDING:

Final thought & reflections & ask for comments


Type 2: idea-driven blog

Focus: ideas & opinions

Organization: reasoned argument

OPENING:

Main idea

MAIN PARAGRAPHS:

Ideas supporting main idea: examples, explanations with reflections

ENDING:

Final thought conclusion & reflections


Paper 1 Section A ( 450-600 words)
Write a blog entry  about one of these topics:

  • If I Were an Advertiser Today ( optional)
  • My Mother is On Facebook ( optional)
  • An experience that you have had while travelling or even living abroad.



Resultado de imagen de ibo.org2. DIARY ENTRY


- Start : Dear diary,
- Include  the date.
- Daily routine's not enough
- A good diary entry should contain thoughts, feelings, reflections, in secret, in confidence
- Diaries are private
- The 'direct address' technique allows you to talk to your diary as 'you'
- The writer's opinions give structure to the writing rather than the events themselves
- Start with a phrase or exclamation or rhetorical question to focus the reader on the main event you       wish to relate
- The language and ideas should sound fresh/spontaneous . Very colloquial . Idioms.
- Basic rules of paragraphing apply
- Finish with a final thought or question
- 1st person perspective
- Writing in character, reflect on the personality/mood of the diary writer
- Key tenses - narrative tenses (past/present perfect/conditionals)



Example

March 4, 2012
Dear Diary,
Today was a little better. I texted Sarah last night asking if she wanted to have lunch with me today, just the two of us, and she said sure. I told her that just because I’m hanging out with Jane, it doesn’t change anything about our friendship. After all, we’ve been friends since first grade! She said that she knows that, but she just felt like the third wheel because she doesn’t think that Jane likes her and because Jane and I have a lot of classes together. I told her not to worry about what Jane thought and that I’d talk to her about it. Sarah felt a lot better, and after we both cried a little, we spent the rest of lunch catching up on the latest gossip, which I missed!  
During English, I talked to Jane about what Sarah said. She said that it’s not that she doesn’t like Sarah; she just thinks that she gets too worked up about things sometime, like her breakup with Nick. I explained why Sarah was so upset about it and how Nick had cheated on her, which Jane didn’t know, and she felt bad for saying mean things about Sarah. I think Jane’s really cool, but I wish she wouldn’t assume things about people. I’m worried she was saying mean things about Sarah to our other friends when she didn’t know the truth. She sometimes likes to spread rumors even when she doesn’t know if they’re true.  
I thought it would be fun for the three of us to get some coffee after school and try to make everything better. I’m not sure how well that worked, because even though Jane was trying really hard to be nice to Sarah, I could tell that Sarah was being really fake with Jane. When I texted Sarah later, she said everything was fine, but I know her well enough to know that’s not completely true.
::Sigh:: Oh well. I’m not her mom, and I can’t force her to feel anything. It just frustrates me because I don’t want things to change between us...
We’ll see what happens. I have to get some math homework done now!  
Night!
Kate


3. SPEECH                            

Aristotle coined the terms : Ethos, Pathos, and Logos as modes of persuasion used to convince audiences.  
Ethos or the ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author’s credibility or character. An author would use ethos to show to his audience that he is a credible source and is worth listening to. Ethos is the Greek word for “character.”
                                                                                                                     
Ethos can be developed by choosing language that is appropriate for the audience and topic , making yourself sound fair or unbiased, and by using correct grammar and syntax.
Pathos or the emotional appeal, means to persuade an audience by appealing to their emotions. Authors use pathos to invoke sympathy from an audience; to make the audience feel what  the author wants them to feel. A common use of pathos would be to draw pity from an audience. Another use of pathos would be to inspire anger from an audience; perhaps in order to prompt action. Pathos is the Greek word for both “suffering” and “experience.”

Pathos can be developed by using meaningful language, emotional tone, emotion evoking examples, stories of emotional events, and implied meanings
Logos or the appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by use of logic or reason.
To use logos would be to cite facts and statistics, historical and literal analogies, and citing certain authorities on a subject. Logos is the Greek word for “word”. 
Logos can be developed by using advanced, theoretical or abstract languageciting facts (very important), using historical and literal analogies, and by constructing logical arguments.


HOW TO WRITE A SPEECH

For a lot of people, the prospect of standing in front of a group and speaking is actually more terrifying than dying. That’s a pretty serious phobia to overcome!
1) Audience. First, determine who your audience is and customize your writing accordingly.
2) Purpose and message. Two things must be settled in your own mind before you are ready to write your speech. First, what is the purpose of your talk? Secondly, what do you most want audiences to come away with after hearing you.
3) Brainstorming. It may take you some time to figure out just what the purpose and main message of your speech will be, especially if you have a lot of diverse knowledge about your subject. Make a list of all the things you might possibly be interested in speaking about. Once the list is in written form, it will be easy to see which points are not likely to fit into your time frame.
4) Attention grabber. Remember your audience will not be feeling any of the anxiety you are likely to feel. After all, their requirements are few: sitting, listening. However, do yourself and your audience a favor and have something interesting to say at the beginning—an anecdote, a joke, or a question that will allow them time to settle in and focus.
5) Introduction. After you’ve grabbed their attention, use the introduction of your speech to let the audience know what to expect.
6) Body. Sticking firmly to the topics you’ve introduced will be easier if you create each section like a mini-paper.
7) Conclusion. Have you said enough? Too much? If you say “finally” or “in conclusion,” be prepared  to end the speech pretty quickly. Audiences know that it’s over; to keep going can irritate them and may even lose any good will you’ve accumulated. So take care in your speech writing to draw an apt and memorable conclusion. And stick to it!
8) Practice, practice. Once you have your speech written, practice it several times until you feel comfortable with the entire process. If possible, gather a few trusted friends to listen to you and offer constructive criticism....


4. ADVERTISING






5. ESSAY

Structure your essay in the most effective way to communicate your ideas and answer the question.
All essays should include the following structure
Resultado de imagen de structure to write an essay

topic sentence that states the main or controlling idea





  • INTRODUCTION :
It is often suggested that.., Some people say..., but in my opinion
introduction
I will/shall now consider two methods/approaches
I am broadly in agreement with this point of view ....

Supporting sentences to explain and develop the point you’re making

AGREEMENT / ADDITION / SIMILARITY
Similarly, In the same manner/way, Likewise

SHOW SIMILARITIES
first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), furthermore, additionally, in addition, moreover, besides that, in the same way as

Evidence. Most of the time, your point should be supported by some form of evidence from your reading, or by an example drawn from the subject area.

ADD INFORMATION
Therefore, This may be partly due to

Analysis. Don’t just leave the evidence hanging there - analyse and interpret it! Comment on the implication/significance/impact and finish off the paragraph with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence.

GIVE REASON
In general, in many/most/some/all cases, amongst others
Although, However, Nevertheless, Nonetheless, Whereas

CONTRAST
While I understand this viewpoint, I do not entirely share it
I do not believe it matters,
Even if I like this approach, I am doubtful in practice, because it is base on the assumption that...
Although this may be true, on the other hand, ...
An alternative is...
For this reason, I am convinced, In other words, As a matter of fact

CLARIFY
Presumably


A concluding sentence that restates your point, analyses the evidence or acts as a transition to the next paragraph.
  • CONCLUSION :
In view of the above arguments, I believe
I believe that both of the approaches I have suggested are actually…
Under those circumstances, all things considered
I strongly recommend/believe that



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